1900 Jazz Fashion 1900 Jazz Fashion Label
Welcome to this Jazzfuel guide to some of the main types of jazz and the styles and sub-genres within this music.
We're going to accept you step-past-step through history, covering all these areas:
- Early Jazz
- Large Band & Swing Music
- Bebop
- Gypsy Jazz
- Difficult Bop
- Cool Jazz
- Modal Jazz
- Latin Jazz
- Gratuitous Jazz
- Fusion
- Modern Jazz
But commencement, let's beginning at the offset…
Because the term 'jazz' covers a very broad selection of music. Ii recordings or musicians labelled equally such may, at to the lowest degree superficially, announced to have very fiddling in mutual with each other.
The commencement jazz recording was fabricated in 1917 (past the Original Dixieland Jazz Band) and in the century or then since then the music has seen some radical innovations and upheavals.
In comparison, within Western classical music the Bizarre period lasted for around 150 years (c. 1600-1750) and the Romantic catamenia lasted approximately 110 years (c. 1800-1910).
Whereas in jazz music nosotros've had all of the following styles – and more – in the space of just 100 or and then years, with near types enjoying a period of say-so for only a decade or and then.
Every bit always, things are more than circuitous than this…
People didn't suddenly end playing swing music when bebop appeared, and some musicians will accept performed and recorded a range of different types of jazz.
Many don't fit neatly into categories.
Many of these 'labels' were pushed by the media or tape companies, and the musicians themselves may non have identified themselves along these lines.
Of course, with internet admission in the 21st Century it's easier than always to observe almost the entire history of jazz at the touch of a button, and there are now present-day musicians who play in all different styles of jazz.
1920s Jazz (Trad jazz, New Orleans jazz & Early on jazz)
Early jazz adult in the 1910s in the 'melting pot' of New Orleans, as players combined influences including ragtime, blues and marching band music to create a style of jazz that was heavy on collective, polyphonic improvisation.
Trumpeter Louis Armstrong was jazz'south get-go major soloist, and his recordings with his Hot Five and Hot Seven are some of the near of import of the 20th Century.
Bix Beiderbecke played in a lighter, 'sweeter' way than the more than operatic Armstrong, with Bix's trumpet often accompanied past the saxophonist Frankie Trumbauer.
Ragtime pianist and composer Jelly Ringlet Morton was another key innovator of 1920s jazz and you tin can observe out more most this joyous manner of music in our article dedicated to Dixieland Jazz.
Key Early Jazz Recordings
| Anthology | Key Track | Our Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Louis Armstrong – Complete Hot Five & Seven Recordings | Alligator Crawl | 95% |
| Bix Beiderbecke – Beau With a Horn | Tiger Rag | 80% |
| Jelly Coil Morton – Complete Recorded Work, 1926-1930 | Wild Man Blues | 85% |
Swing music & large band Jazz
From the early on 1930s until the late 1940s big ring swing was the most popular mode of music in the United states of america, and many of the most important bandleaders were huge mainstream stars.
Bands usually containing betwixt 11 and twenty musicians would play music that combined ensemble passages, often riff-based, with solo sections to entertain large audiences of dancers.
Duke Ellington, considered past many to be the greatest composer in jazz, was a key bandleader, as were virtuoso clarinettist Benny Goodman, pianist Count Basie, Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey, the ever-popular Glenn Miller, Artie Shaw, Stan Kenton and Woody Herman.
The era too saw the emergence of a number of soloists, with Coleman Hawkins notably establishing the tenor saxophone every bit an important jazz instrument.
Lester Young, who like Hawkins commencement found fame with Fletcher Henderson'due south Orchestra, was also highly influential, every bit were alto saxophonists Benny Carter and Johnny Hodges, pianists Fats Waller and Teddy Wilson, and trumpeters Roy Eldgridge and Rex Stewart.
Ella Fitzgerald and Billie Holiday also first appeared singing with big bands during this menstruum – as we highlighted in our guide to the best jazz singers of all time.
A number of factors contributed to the decline of the big band era, as it became harder for bandleaders to keep such large ensembles consistently employed. Although many of the groups disbanded, a few – Knuckles Ellington, Count Basie, Woody Herman and Stan Kenton in item – were able to keep producing important records well beyond the 1940s.
Key big band recordings
Here are a few of our favourites, taken from our complete round upwards of large band music.
| Album | Key Track | Our Rating |
|---|---|---|
| The Complete Atomic Basie | Splanky | 99% |
| Duke Ellington - The Blanton-Webster Band | Cotton fiber Tail | 90% |
| The Lester Young Story | One O'Clock Jump | 88% |
| Benny Goodman – the Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert | I Got Rhythm | 85% |
| Coleman Hawkins – Body and Soul | Torso & Soul | 95% |
Bebop
The swing era largely focused upon music for dancing and amusement. As a reaction against this came bebop, a style that was fiercely intellectual and very much meant for serious listening.
From the mid-1940s alto saxophonist Charlie Parker, trumpeter Light-headed Gillespie and pianist Bud Powell all improvised complex linear phrases full of surprising accents and chromatic passing notes, often at very fast tempos.
Minton's Playhouse in Harlem was a key breeding ground, with Thelonious Monk, Kenny Clarke and Charlie Christian exploring the new sounds at all-night jam sessions.
Players would oftentimes write intricate new melodies over the chord progressions of existing jazz standards, in office so they could claim the composition royalties themselves. Examples of famous jazz songs from the bebop era include 'Ornithology' (based upon 'How High The Moon'), 'Donna Lee' (based upon 'Indiana') and 'Anthropology' (based upon 'I Got Rhythm').
You tin bank check out our overview of the best bebop artists in jazz history here.
Key bebop recordings
| Anthology | Central Rail | Our Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Charlie Parker – The Complete Savoy and Punch Studio Recordings | Billie'south Bounciness | 99% |
| Charlie Parker/Lightheaded Gillespie – Jazz at Massey Hall | Salt Peanuts | 95% |
| Thelonious Monk – Genius of Modern Music: Volume one | Ruby My Honey | 98% |
| Bud Powell - The Astonishing Bud Powell | A Nighttime In Tunisia | 99% |
Gypsy jazz
Guitarist Django Reinhardt and violinist Stéphane Grapelli created the first major European jazz group when they established the Quintette du Hot Guild de French republic in the tardily 1930s.
With an instrumentation that only featured cord instruments, without drums (Reinhardt, Grapelli, two rhythm guitarists and double bass), the Quintette'southward softer audio immune the pair'due south virtuosic soloing to be heard clearly.
Gypsy jazz remains popular equally a sub-genre that is influenced by the American jazz tradition but is very much a unique style, with its own linguistic communication and repertoire, much of which is equanimous by Reinhardt.
This type of jazz has been continued by more than recent musicians including Biréli Lagrène and the Rosenberg Trio.
Primal gypsy jazz recording
Absurd Jazz
In the late 1940s and through the 1950s a softer, more relaxed style of playing was marketed as an culling to the 'hotter', more than frantic bebop that was dominant at the time.
Miles Davis' Birth of the Absurd, with impressionistic arrangements by Gil Evans, is a key sound, as are Gerry Mulligan'southward chordless quartet and the cerebral piece of work of pianist-teacher Lennie Tristano and his disciples.
Many players, including Stan Getz, Lee Konitz, Zoot Sims and Mulligan, were highly influenced by the swing era saxophonist Lester Young. Artists such equally Dave Brubeck and the Mod Jazz Quartet utilised complex arrangements that were influenced by classical music.
West Coast jazz – bringing to heed images of lord's day-soaked 1950s Los Angeles, and musicians like Chet Baker, Art Pepper and Bud Shank – is some other subgenre which has some crossover with Cool jazz.
Key cool jazz recordings
| Anthology | Fundamental Runway | Our Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Stan Getz - Westward Coast Jazz | Summertime | 94% |
| Art Pepper Meets The Rhythm Department | You'd Exist So Nice To Come Abode To | 92% |
| Dave Brubeck - Fourth dimension Out | Take 5 | 98% |
| Miles Davis - Nativity of the Cool | Darn That Dream | 99% |
Yous can the residuum of our pick of 10 of the most famous Cool jazz albums and musicians in this article.
Hard Bop & Soul Jazz
In the mid-1950s the sounds of bebop began to be blended with the influence of rhythm and blues and gospel music, to create a funkier type of music with simpler melodies and a more overt blues influence.
Some view this as a conscious move towards a more Afrocentric sound equally a reaction against Cool jazz, which placed relatively little emphasis upon the blues.
Blue Note Records released many of the artists pioneering this new sound: Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers (initially with Horace Silver on piano – Silver's church building-influenced 'The Preacher' is a expert example of the style), Lee Morgan, Freddie Hubbard, Hank Mobley, Donald Byrd and others.
Trumpeter Clifford Chocolate-brown'south grouping with Max Roach was as well extremely important, equally was Miles Davis'due south First Great Quintet.
An extension of hard bop is soul jazz, which places more importance upon the influence of gospel music and rhythm and blues. It became popular in the mid/late 1960s, ofttimes featuring the audio of the Hammond organ.
Key hard bop albums
| Album | Primal Track | Our Rating |
|---|---|---|
| John Coltrane - Blue Train | Lazy Bird | 96% |
| Horace Silver - Song for my Father | Song for my Father | 95% |
| Hank Mobley - Soul Stations | This I Dig Of You | 92% |
| Sonny Rollins - Saxophone Colossus | St. Thomas | 99% |
Bank check out the residue of our favourite hard bop albums in jazz history here
Modal jazz
Western harmony traditionally relies upon a tonal key centre with related chords and cadences.
Modal harmony, however, takes a chord and respective scale (or mode), where it may remain for some fourth dimension or move to another, possibly unrelated mode.
Jazz musicians began to experiment with composing in this way in the tardily 1950s, inspired by theoretical piece of work of George Russell. Miles Davis'due south 'Milestones' (from the album of the same proper name) and 'So What' (from Kind of Blueish) are key early examaples, where players improvise inside a mode for extended periods; John Coltrane would intensify this arroyo with his archetype 1960s quartet.
During the mid-1960s composers like Wayne Shorter, Herbie Hancock and Joe Henderson further utilised 'non-functional harmony', writing music that moved more than apace betwixt chords and corresponding scales in sometimes surprising means.
Key modal jazz recordings
| Album | Key Track | Our Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Miles Davis - Kind of Blueish | Freddie Freeloader | 100% |
| John Coltrane - a Love Supreme | Resolution | 99% |
| Herbie Hancock - Maiden Voyage | Dolphin Dance | 91% |
| Wayne Shorter - Speak No Evil | Witch Chase | 95% |
Bank check out our in-depth guide to the most important modal jazz albums in history hither.
Bossa nova and Latin jazz
Jazz has ever included what Jelly Curlicue Morton referred to every bit a 'Spanish tinge', dating dorsum to the music'southward origins in the melting pot of New Orleans in the early 20th Century.
In the late 1940s Empty-headed Gillespie pioneered Afro-Cuban jazz with his large ring, and in collaboration with the composer and percussionist Chano Pozo, who wrote the Latin jazz standards 'Manteca' and 'Tin Tin Deo'.
In the mid-1960s Bossa nova, a fusion of Brazilian samba and jazz harmony, became incredibly pop, with American saxophonist Stan Getz recording a Grammy-winning collaboration with Brazilian guitarist/vocalizer Joao Gilberto, which has remained i of the near important jazz albums of all fourth dimension.
The anthology'due south biggest hit was 'The Girl from Ipanema', which similar many of the most famous Bossa novas was composed by Antônio Carlos Jobim.
Numerous jazz musicians have since taken inspiration from diverse types of Latin music.
Key latin jazz albums
| Album | Key Rails | Our Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Stan Getz and Joao Gilberto – Getz/Gilberto | The Daughter From Ipanema | 92% |
| Empty-headed Gillespie - Afro | Caravan | 90% |
| Kenny Dorham – Afro-Cuban | Small-scale'southward Holiday | 92% |
| Elis Regina and Antônio Carlos Jobim – Elis and Tom | Corcovado | 89% |
| Antônio Carlos Jobim – Moving ridge | Wave | 94% |
Complimentary jazz & Avant garde
Free jazz developed in America during the late 1950s and early '60s, every bit musicians sought to pause down and refuse conventions within bebop and hard bop that they institute restrictive, including harmony and chord changes, regular tempos, and compositional forms.
Ornette Coleman's ground-breaking quartet played music that was swinging, bluesy and based upon memorable melodies, just with solo sections that dispensed with rigid class and harmony.
American free jazz in the 1960s was often proudly Afrocentric, with links to the civil rights movement.
The term Avant garde jazz is oft used interchangeably with free jazz, but information technology may also apply more written material, often taking influence from contemporary classical music.
European 'improvised music' began to develop later in the 1960. It tends to be less connected to the jazz tradition than earlier American complimentary jazz, and ofttimes doesn't contain any prepared cloth at all.
Best free jazz albums
| Album | Primal Track | Our Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Ornette Coleman – The Shape of Jazz to Come | Peace | 99% |
| Eric Dolphy – Out to Lunch | Hat and Beard | 98% |
| John Coltrane – Ascent | Ascension | 96% |
| Alice Coltrane – Universal Consciousness | Hare Krishna | 94% |
| Cecil Taylor – Unit Structures | Steps | 91% |
Check our our round upward of 10 of the dandy free jazz albums in history
Jazz Fusion
In the belatedly 1960s jazz musicians began to use electric instruments and take on the influence of the rock music and funk that were popular at the fourth dimension.
Larry Coryell's Free Spirits was an important ring early in the new music'due south development, every bit was Charles Lloyd's quartet, which played to big audiences and was associated with the psychedelic rock scene of the day.
Miles Davis recorded Bitches Mash and In a Silent Way in 1969, both of which were controversial with jazz purists, with long tunes and loose, improvised forms.
Herbie Hancock's funky brand of fusion in the 1970s likewise incorporated elements of disco and soul, while others, similar Weather Report and some of Wayne Shorter's solo piece of work utilised intricate forms and chord sequences.
This calculation of other more than commercial genres to jazz arguably led to the emergence of Smooth Jazz in the 1980s too.
Key Fusion albums
Nosotros put together a list of 10 of the near influential jazz fusion albums of all time which y'all can read in full, or else here'south our quick listing:
| Album | Fundamental Runway | Our Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Miles Davis – In a Silent Way | In a Silent Manner | 95% |
| Herbie Hancock – Headhunters | Watermelon Man | 97% |
| Wayne Shorter - Atlantis | When Yous Dream | 93% |
| Miles Davis – Bitches Mash | Spanish Primal | 98% |
Modern / Contemporary Jazz
Every bit the name suggests, 'modern' jazz is heavily dependant on what era you're living in.
Dorsum in the 1940s, for example, bebop was considered modernistic compared to the large ring swing that came before it.
But, in 21st century jazz speak, we're usually referring to a blazon of music that has emerged from the 1990s onwards and covers a range of sub-genres in a more current way than styles like swing, bebop and modal jazz.
Equally ever, though, lines tin can exist blurred and it may incorporate elements of all these styles.
From a musical perspective, modern jazz today can exist highly demanding to play, often utilising non-functional harmony, intricate melodies and odd time signatures.
It might take influence from other genres, such as 20th Century classical music or sounds from not-western cultures.
And while it can sometimes have a reputation for being rather challenging for the listener, a number of mod jazz artists have managed to create attainable and highly melodic material from relatively complex source materials.
Key Contemporary Jazz albums
- Esperanza Spalding – Chamber Music Lodge
- Brad Mehdlau – Art of the Trio iv: Dorsum at the Vanguard
- Vijay Iyer – Pause Stuff
- Kurt Rosenwinkel – The Next Pace
- Jason Moran – The Bandwagon
- Ambrose Akinmusire – A Rift in Decorum
- Marius Neset – Pinball
You lot tin find our in-depth coverage of this way, along with videos of all the artists mentioned above, on our article entitled What is Mod Jazz?
Thank you for reading!
Of form, in that location are many more sub-genres and niches of jazz music – likewise as all sorts of twists and turns within each of these – simply we hope this article has given you a wide, chronological overview of some of the about famous or of import types of jazz in its relatively short history.
Yous tin notice all our articles almost jazz here or, if you're feeling brave, dive into the age-onetime topic of what is jazz…
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